Which term refers to a rapid fire that spreads across the surface of the ground?

The term that refers to a rapid fire spreading across the surface of the ground is known as "running." This type of fire behavior indicates that the flames are advancing quickly, driven by favorable conditions such as dry fuel, wind, and topography. This rapid spread can pose significant challenges for firefighters as it can quickly escalate beyond control, making it crucial for personnel to be aware of the potential for running fires.

Creeping fire, on the other hand, describes a slower progression, typically moving at a more measured pace. Backing fires are those that spread against the wind, moving slowly and often used as a tactic for controlling larger fires. Torching involves individual trees or shrubs burning from the base up, and while it can indicate rapid fire activity, it does not refer to the overall surface spread of the fire itself. Understanding these distinctions greatly aids firefighters in assessing fire behavior and implementing effective suppression strategies.