What behavior describes fire that moves away from the head, typically downhill or against the wind?

The behavior that describes fire moving away from the head, typically downhill or against the wind, is backing. Backing fire occurs when flames spread in a direction opposite that of the main fire spread, allowing the fire to burn more slowly and at a lower intensity. This type of fire movement is generally cooler and more controllable, often leading to the fire moving down a slope or against the prevailing winds, which can provide opportunities for suppression efforts.

Understanding backing fire behavior is crucial for wildland firefighters, as it often indicates a safer area for suppression tactics and can influence fire management strategies. Backing fires can also be used intentionally in controlled burns to remove fuel and reduce the potential for more intense fire behavior in the future.

The other behaviors listed do not describe this situation. Crowning refers to fire that spreads through the tops of trees, typically moving rapidly with the wind. Running describes a fire that spreads rapidly with the wind or down a slope. Smoldering refers to a slow, low-temperature, flameless combustion, usually occurring in unburned fuel. Each of these behaviors represents distinctly different fire dynamics compared to backing.